79
(indicating that 242 agencies at the federal, state, and local
level have access. Notes on le with authors.).
63. Pennsylvania JNET, JNET & PennDOT Facial Recognition
Integration (Dec. 2012), Document p. 013785; Legislative
Budget and Finance Committee, Pennsylvania General
Assembly, Police Consolidation in Pennsylvania (Sept.
2014), http://lbfc.legis.state.pa.us/Resources/Documents/
Reports/497.pdf. Similarly, “any ocer, deputy, investigator
or crime analyst in LA County” is permitted to access the
Los Angeles County Sheri Department’s system. Los
Angeles County Sheri ’s Department, Facial Identication
and the LA Photo Manager (July 23, 2015), Document p.
000532. Participation in the West Virginia Intelligence
Fusion Center “is open to all federal, state, county, and
local agencies.” West Virginia Intelligence Fusion Center,
Standard Operating Procedures, Document p. 009944.
64. U.S. Gov’t Accountability Oce, GAO-16-267, Face
Recognition Technology: FBI Should Better Ensure Privacy
and Accuracy 51 (May 2016).
65. Pinellas County Sheri ’s Oce, Interview with Sheri Bob
Gualtieri and Technical Support Specialist Jake Ruberto ( July
26, 2016) (notes on le with authors).
66. Maryland Department of Public Safety and Correctional
Services, PIA Request (Feb. 2016), Document pp. 008906–
008907 (describing that both "internal" users—DPSCS
employees, and "external" users—other "law enforcement
ocers or vetted employees of criminal justice agencies"
have access to the face recognition system); Pennsylvania
JNET, JNET & PennDOT Facial Recognition Integration
(Dec. 2012), Document pp. 013785–013787 (“With JFRS
deployed on JNET, the system can be made available to any
law enforcement agency in Pennsylvania . . . With JFRS
available through JNET, this enterprise solution is available
at no cost to any municipal, county, state or federal law
enforcement agency in the commonwealth.”).
67. Michigan’s SNAP database is open to searches from the
U.S. Marshals service. Michigan State Police, Email from
Robert Watson to MSPSNAP (Aug. 17, 2015), Document
p. 011113. e Arizona Counterterrorism Information
Center, run by the Maricopa County Sheri ’s Oce,
has conducted face recognition searches for federal
investigations since 2008. Maricopa County Sheri ’s Oce,
Letter from Deputy Chief Ray Churay to Deputy Chief David
Hendershott (Apr. 21, 2008), Document p. 015070. e
Pinellas County Sheri ’s Oce has signed MOUs with
the U.S. Air Force Oce of Special Investigations, the IRS
Criminal Investigation Field Oce in Tampa, the Social
Security Administration, and four other federal agencies
with Florida branches. Memoranda of Understanding
between Pinellas County Sheri ’s Oce and U.S. Air Force
Oce of Special Investigations Detachment 340 (Jan. 16,
2015), Document p. 013798; Department of Agriculture and
Consumer Services, Oce of Agricultural Law Enforcement
( Jul. 9, 2014), Document p. 013901; Department of
Financial Services, Division of Insurance Fraud (May 14,
2013), Document p. 013906; Internal Revenue Service,
Criminal Investigation, Tampa Field Oce (Aug. 20, 2013),
Document p. 014125; 6th Security Forces Squadron (Jan 21,
2009), Document p. 014208; Social Security Administration,
Oce of the Inspector General, Oce of Investigations (Dec.
16, 2014), Document p. 014594; U.S. Department of
Veterans Aairs Police ( Jun. 16, 2014), Document p. 014649.
Records indicate that the Department of Defense, the
Drug Enforcement Administration, Immigration and
Customs Enforcement, the U.S. Marshals Service, and
numerous other federal agencies access this system as well.
Pinellas County Sheri ’s Oce, Florida's Facial Recognition
Network, FACES Training 2015, Document p. 014396.
68. From 2011 to 2015, federal judges authorized a total of
6,304 wiretaps. See United States Courts, Wiretap Report
2015, http://www.uscourts.gov/statistics-reports/wiretap-
report-2015 (last updated Dec. 31, 2015); United States
Courts, Wiretap Report 2014, http://www.uscourts.gov/
statistics-reports/wiretap-report-2014 (last updated Dec. 31,
2014); United States Courts, Wiretap Report 2013, http://
www.uscourts.gov/statistics-reports/wiretap-report-2013
(last updated Dec. 31, 2013); United States Courts, Wiretap
Report 2012, http://www.uscourts.gov/statistics-reports/
wiretap-report-2012 (last updated Dec. 31, 2012); United
States Courts, Wiretap Report 2011, http://www.uscourts.
gov/statistics-reports/wiretap-report-2011 (last updated
Dec. 31, 2011).
69. See U.S. Gov’t Accountability Oce, GAO-16-267, Face
Recognition Technology: FBI Should Better Ensure Privacy
and Accuracy 49 (May 2016).
70. BCI Facial Recognition Video, YouTube (Mar. 6, 2014),
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XjvwJlkpFQI at 3:10;
Letter from Gregory Trout, Chief Counsel, Ohio Bureau of
Criminal Investigation to Clare Garvie (Sept. 23, 2016),
Document p. 016841.
71. SANDAG, Board of Directors Agenda (Feb. 13, 2015),
Document p. 005698 (According to SANDAG estimates
from Feb. 13, 2015: “Since August 2012, more than 17,000
image submittals have resulted in approximately 4,700
potential matches.”)
72. Pinellas County Sheri ’s Oce, Florida's Facial Recognition
Network, FACES Training 2015, Document p. 014396.
73. e FBI face recognition unit (FACE Services) has run
an average of 4,055 searches per month over the past 4.5
years. U.S. Gov’t Accountability Oce, GAO-16-267, Face
Recognition Technology: FBI Should Better Ensure Privacy
and Accuracy 49 (May 2016).
74. See U.S. Gov’t Accountability Oce, GAO-16-267, Face
Recognition Technology: FBI Should Better Ensure Privacy
and Accuracy 49 (May 2016).
75. SANDAG, Automated Regional Justice Information System
(ARJIS) Acceptable Use Police for Facial Recognition (Feb. 13,
2015), Document p. 008449.
76. is is mandated by state law. See Mich. Comp. Laws Ann
§ 28.243. Additionally, members of the Digital Analysis
and Identication Division, who are responsible for running
most of the Michigan’s law enforcement face recognition
searches, manually check the potential “match” candidates
returned to ensure that information only about pending
charges and convictions are disseminated. Interview with
Peter Langenfeld, Program Manager, Digital Analysis and
Identication Section (May 25, 2016) (notes on le with
authors).
77. Pinellas County Sheri ’s Oce, Interview with PCSO
Sheri Bob Gualtieri and Technical Support Specialist Jake